Acts of Perception and Their Objects

Pure acts are acts of the subject targeting objects of the real world. These acts are, precisely, the mediation between the subject and the object world.

After a few days of reading On the Problem of Empathy, I finally came up with a matrix showing the targets of some pure acts, categorizing them into two (2): the “I” and the other.

What is shown below is that the acts (the ones in the rows) can or cannot access certain parts of the individual (the ones in the columns).

The Matrix

Outer perception can access the physical body of the self, and also the physical and living body of the other. Bodily perception can access both physical and living body of the self. Inner perception can only access one’s own psyche. Empathy, which is a sui generis form of perception, can access the psyche of the other.

An insight that I get from this is that the subject, which is a psycho-physical individual, has itself acts which may be of help in getting a clearer picture of itself and of the other individual.

Clarification of Terms

  • The “I” is, of course, the self.
  • The other is another self, another “I.”
  • The psychic refers to the mind, the spirit, or the soul.
  • The physical body refers to the human body, but treated as a thing comparable to a pen or a chair.
  • The living body refers to the human body that has sensations.

Bodily Perception

Image by Daniel Reche from Pixabay

“But the living body is constituted in a two-fold manner as a sensed (bodily perceived) living body and as an outwardly physical body of the outer world. And in this doubled givenness it is experienced as the same. Therefore, it has a location in outer space and fills up a portion of this space. (p.43)”

Bodily perception is analogous to outer perception. Both are pure acts of consciousness. And both give us the body as physical, thus part of the world.

But these acts differ in their correlates. Outer perception gives the outer world as its correlate. In other words, it is an act that perceives the physical aspects of the objects of the world. Thus, with outer perception, we can see our body as just one object among many. Bodily perception, on the other hand, gives us the body as a living body. With it, we can see that our body is not merely a thing that occupies space, but it is living, that is, it has sensation (which is the “bridge” between the “I” and the body). Bodily perception, thus, perceives this unity of the “I” and the body, making us see the body as a living body.

*All of the above is based on Edith Stein’s On the Problem of Empathy.

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