The Feeling of Oneness

Another disagreement with Lipps arises. And it is the case of the “feeling of oneness.” While Stein believes that there is a feeling of oneness, but it is not the position of Lipps.

Image by Okan Caliskan from Pixabay

For Lipps, there is a feeling of oneness, in the sense that the empathizer and the empathized become one. In other words, their experiences become exactly the same. Following this, there would a suspension of my real self due to the experience of empathy. I become the other.

However, Stein would say that Lipps’ position could not stand if “reflection” is brought into the picture. Sure, I might not have been aware of my own self when empathizing or that I was so absorbed into the empathized experience, but when I come to my senses and reflect about the experience, I know that the experience was non-primordial. So, in the end, what I experience as an empathizer is not mine, but another’s.

So, in contrast, Stein would say that properly speaking the feeling of oneness is the case of “we-feeling.” We-feeling means enriched sympathy. In other words, it is the act of sympathy enriched by empathy. This is proper to a group setting, where there are several members feeling the same feeling over the same event. The feeling of oneness here is when we know each other’s feelings to the point where each one of us identifies with the “we” (i.e. the group) rather than with ourselves.

Watching a concert together, then feeling the same intense feeling, and reacting in the same way is an example of this feeling of oneness.

The Act of Reflection

Reflection is a special term in phenomenology. Edith Stein uses it to mean a “looking-at” the experience itself, especially of the experience of empathy.

The acts of the subject are considered experiences. Perceiving the laptop in front of me is an experience. Empathizing with my mother about the slowness of the internet connection is an experience. Reflection, itself, is an experience.

Image by My pictures are CC0. When doing composings: from Pixabay

The act of reflection does not “go out,” unlike the other acts (e.g. outer perception and empathy). Rather, it looks at the subject’s experience of the object. So, when I “reflect,” in the phenomenological sense, I am focusing on my own experience at the moment. I go out from myself to look at my experience from a certain distance.

What is unique with reflection is that it captures the relationship of the subject and its lived experience. That is why when the subject reflects, it always shows the subject’s intimacy with the experience at the moment.

Empathic Awareness

For Edith Stein, there are three (3) levels of empathic experience. This would mean that empathy lets the subject go through a unique experience, so unique that Stein would say that it is sui generis.

The first of these levels is the emergence of experience. This simply refers to an awareness of a foreign experience, whatever this foreign experience is. This is the surface level of empathy because it is what happens first in the whole empathic experience.

In this level, the subject faces its object, the other subject.

Image by Peggy und Marco Lachmann-Anke from Pixabay

Empathic Awareness In Practice

What does this level look like in practice?

Have you never wondered how you “see” your friend as happy? Have you not experienced knowing at first glance that your sister is sad? Have you not seen your child crying in pain? Have you not noticed that your co-worker was not in the mood when she entered the door? Have you not known that your mother was excited even when she did not tell you anything yet?

All of these are cases of the first level of empathic experience. It is simply a wonderful and very unique perception of what is in the person. Yes, we see the person in the physical body. Yet, we also see his or her experiences, experiences that are truly his or her own. Precisely, this seeing of foreign experience is what Stein calls empathy.

P.S. A disclosure: “empathic awareness” is my own term as I describe the first level of empathic experience.

Design a site like this with WordPress.com
Get started